Forgot two other types...essentially the same dal but found in two colored types...
Black - Kala Urad dal... (black beluga lentils)
and Normal colored - Biri dal... (beluga lentils)
Not in regular use as dals all over India, but mostly in the northern parts especially Punjab. Biri dal is often used to make pancakes after being ground into fine biri flour.
And the one MM mentioned, Masoor dal, is not a very popular choice in India. Its the red-colored lentil, and considered the most inferior in quality and taste. Rahar dal/Tuvar dal is the king, followed by Chana dal and Rajma.